DOES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION DIVERSITY CONTRIBUTE DIETARY DIVERSITY? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL HOUSEHOLDS OF SAMARKAND REGION IN UZBEKISTAN
Keywords:
Dietary diversity, crop diversification, livestock diversification, multivariate regression model, nutritionAbstract
Most of the world’s poor and food insecure live in rural area. Together with, smallholder farmers produce 70–80% of the world’s food and yet are largely food insecure. This article describes the results of a study on the example of small farms in Samarkand region, which has a high share in agricultural production in Uzbekistan. In Uzbekistan, almost half of the population lives in rural areas and majority of them are smallholder farmers. This paper examines how agricultural production diversification impact rural household’s dietary diversity using crop and livestock diversification separately at a household level. Data were analysed using multivariate regression model, which showed livestock and crop diversification were positively associated with household dietary diversity which consumed own production. Nevertheless, in terms livestock diversification there was negative association household dietary diversity which consumption comes from market. Results suggest that interventions that increase production diversity, especially livestock diversification in beneficial for household nutrition. Along with, the government should remain promoting crop diversification, including high-value crops like horticulture, that can increase production can lead to improved nutrition through linking with agriculture in Uzbekistan. Besides that, dissemination of information on healthy eating by community self-government bodies, in the mass media and at educational institutions will further increase their knowledge on dietary diversity as one of the indicators of food security.
References
FAO. 2020. COVID-19 and Rural Poverty: Supporting and protecting the rural poor in times of pandemic[Online], pp 10 Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/ca8824en/CA8824EN.pdf
FAO, 2014. The State of Food and Agriculture 2014: Innovation in Family Farming Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Online], pp 161 Available at:https://www.fao.org/3/i4040e/i4040e.pdf
IFAD, UNEP. "Smallholders, food security and the environment." Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development 29 (2013). Available at: https://www.ifad.org/documents/38714170/39135645/smallholders_report.pdf/133e8903-0204-4e7d-a780-bca847933f2e;
Saydullaeva F. J. Main directions of food security in Uzbekistan (the case of Samarkand province. Irrigation and Melioration Journal. vol.3, 2021, pp.39-44;
Muratov, S. A.the economic assessment of factors affecting small household (tomorka) in rural areas and their income. Irrigation and Melioration, . vol.3, 2021, pp.45-51;
Пардаев, Х. Smallholders preferences for contract design attributes, a case of Samarkand province. Иқтисодиёт ва таълим Journal vol. 5, 2021, pp. 59-66;
Bobojonov I. et al. Options and constraints for crop diversification: a case study in sustainable agriculture in Uzbekistan. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems Journal. Vol.37, 2013, pp. 788-811;
Hasanov S. Agricultural polices to enhance the development of fruit and vegetable subsectors in Uzbekistan European Scientific Journal. Vol.12, 2016, pp.479-491;
Abdulla P. Status of Crop Diversification in Uzbekistan and its Empirical Analysis. Journal of Marketing and Emerging Economics. vol 5, 2021, pp. 7-12;
Anne.S, Bilinsky.P. Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v.2). 2006, Available at: https://www.fantaproject.org/sites/default/files/resources/HDDS_v2_Sep06_0.pdf;
Pal, S., Kar, S. Implications of the Methods of Agricultural Diversification in Reference With Malda District : International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. Vol.2, 2012, pp. 97–105;
Kumar, A., Kumar, P., & Sharma, A. N. Crop diversification in Eastern India: Status and determinants. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol.67, 2012, pp. 600–616. https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.204840;
Ferreira, C. Bank market concentration and bank efficiency in the European Union: A panel Granger causality approach. International Economics and Economic Policy Journal. Vol.10, 2013, pp. 365–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-013-0234-y
Pellegrini, L.,Tasciotti, L. Crop diversification, dietary diversity and agricultural income: Empirical evidence from eight developing countries. Canadian Journal of Development Studies. Vol. 35, 2014, pp.211–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2014.898580;
Adjimoti, G. O., Kwadzo, G. T. M., Sarpong, D. B., Onumah, E. E. Input Policies and Crop Diversification: Evidence from the Collines Region in Benin. African Development Review Journal, vol. 29, 2017, pp. 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12286;
Auffhammer, M., Carleton, T. A. Regional crop diversity and weather shocks in India. Asian Development Review Journal. Vol. 35, 2018, pp. 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00116;
Munialo, S., Nyawade, S., & Oluoch-Kosura, W. Invited paper presented at the 6th African Conference of Agricultural Economist. 6th African Conference of Agricultural Economists, September 2019, pp. 1–23;
Mulwa, C. K., Visser, M. Farm diversification as an adaptation strategy to climatic shocks and implications for food security in northern Namibia. World Development Journal. Vol. 129, 2020, 10 p. 104906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104906;
Cleff T. Applied statistics and multivariate data analysis for business and economics. – Cham, Switzerland : Springer International Publishing, 2019. – С. 433-441
Nandi R., Nedumaran S., Ravula P. The interplay between food market access and farm household dietary diversity in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of literature Global Food Security Journal. Vol.28, 2021, P.100484;
Murendo, C., Nhau, B., Mazvimavi, K., Khanye, T., & Gwara, S. Nutrition education, farm production diversity, and commercialization on household and individual dietary diversity in Zimbabwe. Food & Nutrition Research, Vol.62, 2018, pp. 1-12;
Romeo A, Meerman J, Demeke M, Scognamillo A, Asfaw S. Linking farm diversification to household diet diversification: evidence from a sample of Kenyan ultra-poor farmers. Food Security Journal vol.8 2016,1069-1085;
Cele T., Mudhara M. Impact of Market Participation on Household Food Security among Smallholder Irrigators in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Journal of Agriculture. Vol. 12, 2022, p 261.
